{"id":1467,"date":"2025-08-02T10:46:55","date_gmt":"2025-08-02T10:46:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.eu.enginyr.ing\/?p=1467"},"modified":"2025-08-02T10:46:56","modified_gmt":"2025-08-02T10:46:56","slug":"cum-se-instaleaza-node-js-pe-ubuntu-24-04-ghid-complet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.serverspan.ro\/blog\/cum-se-instaleaza-node-js-pe-ubuntu-24-04-ghid-complet\/","title":{"rendered":"Cum se instaleaz\u0103 Node.js pe Ubuntu 24.04: Ghid complet"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Node.js este un mediu de execu\u021bie JavaScript puternic \u0219i popular care permite dezvoltatorilor s\u0103 construiasc\u0103 aplica\u021bii server-side rapide, scalabile \u0219i eficiente. Indiferent dac\u0103 dezvolta\u021bi o aplica\u021bie de chat \u00een timp real, un API complex sau un site web dinamic, Node.js v\u0103 ofer\u0103 instrumentele necesare. Acest ghid este conceput pentru a v\u0103 prezenta cele mai eficiente metode de instalare a Node.js pe serverul dumneavoastr\u0103 Ubuntu 24.04, cum ar fi un <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enginyring.com\/ro\/virtual-servers\">Server Virtual<\/a> de la ENGINYRING, asigur\u00e2ndu-v\u0103 c\u0103 ave\u021bi un mediu de dezvoltare stabil \u0219i flexibil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vom acoperi trei abord\u0103ri diferite de instalare. Prima folose\u0219te depozitele standard ale Ubuntu 24.04, care este simpl\u0103 \u0219i ofer\u0103 o versiune recent\u0103 Long-Term Support (LTS). A doua folose\u0219te un PPA (Personal Package Archive) de la NodeSource pentru a instala cele mai noi versiuni de Node.js. A treia \u0219i cea mai flexibil\u0103 metod\u0103 folose\u0219te NVM (Node Version Manager), care v\u0103 permite s\u0103 instala\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 gestiona\u021bi multiple versiuni de Node.js simultan. V\u0103 recomand\u0103m s\u0103 le citi\u021bi pe toate trei pentru a decide ce abordare se potrive\u0219te cel mai bine nevoilor proiectului dumneavoastr\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cerin\u021be preliminare<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cenainte de a \u00eencepe, ve\u021bi avea nevoie de un server Ubuntu 24.04 configurat cu un utilizator non-root care are privilegii `sudo`. To\u021bi pa\u0219ii din acest tutorial pot fi executa\u021bi f\u0103r\u0103 probleme pe gama noastr\u0103 de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enginyring.com\/ro\/virtual-servers\">Servere Virtuale<\/a>. De asemenea, trebuie s\u0103 v\u0103 asigura\u021bi c\u0103 managerul de pachete al sistemului este la zi. Pute\u021bi face acest lucru conect\u00e2ndu-v\u0103 la server prin SSH \u0219i rul\u00e2nd urm\u0103toarele comenzi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt update\nsudo apt upgrade<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Metoda 1: Instalarea Node.js din depozitele implicite Ubuntu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cea mai simpl\u0103 modalitate de a ob\u021bine Node.js pe serverul dumneavoastr\u0103 este utilizarea depozitelor oficiale Ubuntu. Spre deosebire de versiunile mai vechi de Ubuntu, 24.04 include o versiune LTS recent\u0103 \u0219i stabil\u0103 a Node.js, f\u0103c\u00e2nd din aceasta o op\u021biune viabil\u0103 pentru multe aplica\u021bii de produc\u021bie. Dac\u0103 proiectul dumneavoastr\u0103 nu necesit\u0103 cele mai noi func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi, aceasta este o metod\u0103 rapid\u0103 \u0219i fiabil\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pasul 1: Instala\u021bi Node.js \u0219i NPM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru a instala Node.js din depozitele implicite, ave\u021bi nevoie de o singur\u0103 comand\u0103. Aceast\u0103 comand\u0103 instaleaz\u0103 \u0219i `npm`, managerul de pachete Node, care este esen\u021bial pentru gestionarea dependen\u021belor proiectului dumneavoastr\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt install nodejs npm<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pasul 2: Verifica\u021bi instalarea<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Odat\u0103 ce instalarea este finalizat\u0103, pute\u021bi verifica versiunile Node.js \u0219i npm pentru a confirma c\u0103 au fost instalate corect. Verifica\u021bi versiunea Node.js:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>node -v<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Apoi, verifica\u021bi versiunea npm:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>npm -v<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 ambele comenzi returneaz\u0103 un num\u0103r de versiune, instalarea a fost reu\u0219it\u0103. Aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 este excelent\u0103 pentru stabilitate, dar dac\u0103 ave\u021bi nevoie de o versiune mai nou\u0103 dec\u00e2t cea oferit\u0103 de Ubuntu, urm\u0103toarea metod\u0103 este pentru dumneavoastr\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Metoda 2: Instalarea Node.js folosind un PPA de la NodeSource<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NodeSource este o organiza\u021bie care men\u021bine un PPA cu versiuni actualizate ale Node.js. Utilizarea depozitului lor este modalitatea recomandat\u0103 de a instala o versiune specific\u0103, mai nou\u0103 dec\u00e2t cea oferit\u0103 implicit de Ubuntu, cum ar fi cea mai recent\u0103 versiune &#8216;Current&#8217;. Aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 v\u0103 ofer\u0103 acces la cele mai moderne func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi, utiliz\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp managerul de pachete `apt` al sistemului pentru actualiz\u0103ri u\u0219oare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pasul 1: Ad\u0103uga\u021bi PPA-ul NodeSource<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mai \u00eent\u00e2i, trebuie s\u0103 desc\u0103rca\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 rula\u021bi scriptul de instalare NodeSource. Acest script v\u0103 va configura serverul pentru a utiliza PPA-ul. Asigura\u021bi-v\u0103 c\u0103 \u00eenlocui\u021bi `22.x` cu versiunea pe care dori\u021bi s\u0103 o instala\u021bi (de exemplu, `20.x` pentru versiunea LTS).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>curl -fsSL https:\/\/deb.nodesource.com\/setup_22.x | sudo -E bash -<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scriptul va actualiza automat memoria cache `apt`, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t pute\u021bi trece direct la instalare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pasul 2: Instala\u021bi Node.js<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acum, pute\u021bi instala pachetul `nodejs`. Acest singur pachet include at\u00e2t Node.js, c\u00e2t \u0219i npm, deci nu este necesar s\u0103 instala\u021bi npm separat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt install nodejs -y<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pasul 3: Verifica\u021bi instalarea<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Verifica\u021bi numerele de versiune pentru a v\u0103 asigura c\u0103 instalarea a fost reu\u0219it\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103 ave\u021bi versiunea pe care a\u021bi inten\u021bionat s\u0103 o instala\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>node -v\nnpm -v<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 ofer\u0103 un echilibru excelent \u00eentre a avea o versiune recent\u0103 de Node.js \u0219i a men\u021bine u\u0219urin\u021ba \u00een administrare prin `apt`. Pentru dezvoltatorii care au nevoie de \u0219i mai mult control, \u00een special pentru gestionarea mai multor proiecte cu cerin\u021be diferite de Node.js, NVM este alegerea superioar\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Metoda 3: Instalarea Node.js cu Node Version Manager (NVM)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NVM este un script care v\u0103 permite s\u0103 instala\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 gestiona\u021bi multiple versiuni autonome de Node.js pe acela\u0219i server. Aceasta este cea mai flexibil\u0103 \u0219i recomandat\u0103 abordare pentru un mediu de dezvoltare. V\u0103 permite s\u0103 comuta\u021bi \u00eentre versiunile Node.js cu o singur\u0103 comand\u0103, asigur\u00e2nd c\u0103 fiecare proiect poate utiliza exact versiunea pentru care a fost construit, f\u0103r\u0103 a afecta \u00eentregul sistem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pasul 1: Instala\u021bi scriptul NVM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pute\u021bi desc\u0103rca \u0219i executa scriptul de instalare NVM direct din depozitul s\u0103u GitHub. Num\u0103rul versiunii se poate schimba \u00een timp, a\u0219a c\u0103 este o bun\u0103 practic\u0103 s\u0103 verifica\u021bi pagina oficial\u0103 NVM pentru cea mai recent\u0103 comand\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>curl -o- https:\/\/raw.githubusercontent.com\/nvm-sh\/nvm\/v0.39.7\/install.sh | bash<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acest script va crea un director `.nvm` \u00een folderul dumneavoastr\u0103 de acas\u0103 \u0219i va ad\u0103uga liniile necesare la fi\u0219ierul de profil al shell-ului (`~\/.bashrc`, `~\/.zshrc`, etc.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pasul 2: Activa\u021bi scriptul NVM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru ca modific\u0103rile s\u0103 aib\u0103 efect \u00een sesiunea curent\u0103 a terminalului, trebuie s\u0103 re\u00eenc\u0103rca\u021bi fi\u0219ierul de profil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>source ~\/.bashrc<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pasul 3: Instala\u021bi o versiune Node.js<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acum c\u0103 NVM este instalat, pute\u021bi instala cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 diferite versiuni de Node.js. Pute\u021bi vedea o list\u0103 cu toate versiunile disponibile cu aceast\u0103 comand\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nvm list-remote<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru a instala o anumit\u0103 versiune, cum ar fi cea mai recent\u0103 versiune LTS (\u00een prezent versiunea 20), pute\u021bi utiliza alias-ul `&#8211;lts`:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nvm install --lts<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau, pute\u021bi instala un num\u0103r de versiune specific, precum `22.4.0`:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nvm install 22.4.0<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pasul 4: Comuta\u021bi \u00eentre versiunile Node.js<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pute\u021bi vedea toate versiunile pe care le-a\u021bi instalat cu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nvm list<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru a comuta la o alt\u0103 versiune pentru sesiunea curent\u0103 a shell-ului, utiliza\u021bi `nvm use`:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nvm use 22.4.0<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pute\u021bi, de asemenea, s\u0103 seta\u021bi o versiune implicit\u0103 care va fi utilizat\u0103 de fiecare dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd deschide\u021bi un nou terminal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nvm alias default 22.4.0<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Verifica\u021bi versiunea activ\u0103 a Node.js \u00een orice moment cu `node -v`.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Concluzie: O funda\u021bie flexibil\u0103 pentru proiectele dumneavoastr\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acum ave\u021bi cuno\u0219tin\u021bele necesare pentru a instala \u0219i gestiona Node.js pe serverul dumneavoastr\u0103 Ubuntu 24.04 folosind trei metode distincte. Pentru implement\u0103ri rapide unde o versiune LTS stabil\u0103 este suficient\u0103, `apt` din depozitele standard func\u021bioneaz\u0103 perfect. Pentru cele mai noi func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi, utilizarea PPA-ului NodeSource este o alegere excelent\u0103. Pentru flexibilitate \u0219i control maxim, \u00een special \u00eentr-un context de dezvoltare, NVM este c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103torul de necontestat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aleg\u00e2nd metoda potrivit\u0103 pentru nevoile dumneavoastr\u0103, a\u021bi creat un mediu puternic \u0219i stabil pentru aplica\u021biile dumneavoastr\u0103. La ENGINYRING, oferim <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enginyring.com\/ro\/virtual-servers\">servere virtuale<\/a> robuste, care sunt platforma perfect\u0103 pentru proiectele dumneavoastr\u0103 Node.js, mari sau mici. Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi nevoie vreodat\u0103 s\u0103 gestiona\u021bi infrastructura serverului, serviciile noastre experte de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enginyring.com\/ro\/cpanel-management\">administrare cPanel<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enginyring.com\/ro\/directadmin-management\">DirectAdmin<\/a> v\u0103 pot ajuta s\u0103 v\u0103 concentra\u021bi pe ceea ce face\u021bi cel mai bine: construirea de aplica\u021bii uimitoare. Pentru orice \u00eentreb\u0103ri, nu ezita\u021bi s\u0103 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enginyring.com\/ro\/contact\">contacta\u021bi echipa noastr\u0103<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Node.js este un mediu de execu\u021bie JavaScript puternic \u0219i popular care permite dezvoltatorilor s\u0103 construiasc\u0103 aplica\u021bii server-side rapide, scalabile \u0219i eficiente. Indiferent dac\u0103 dezvolta\u021bi o aplica\u021bie de chat \u00een timp real, un API complex sau un site web dinamic, Node.js v\u0103 ofer\u0103 instrumentele necesare. Acest ghid este conceput pentru a v\u0103 prezenta cele mai eficiente [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1465,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[8768,8781,8776,8764,8771,8779,8777,8778,6264,8786,8773,8784,8766,8758,8762,8763,8785,8769,8770,8759,8765,8772,8767,8788,8761,8775,8780,8774,8783,5806,8743,8787,8760,8739,8782,8789],"class_list":["post-1467","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hosting-news","tag-actualizare-node-js-ubuntu","tag-administrare-server-node-js","tag-configurare-server-api-ubuntu","tag-configurare-server-node-js","tag-cum-se-instaleaza-npm","tag-dezvoltare-backend-ubuntu","tag-dezvoltare-full-stack","tag-gazduire-aplicatii-node-js","tag-gazduire-enginyring-2","tag-gazduire-vps-pentru-node-js","tag-gestionare-versiuni-multiple-node-js","tag-ghid-dezvoltator-ubuntu","tag-ghid-node-version-manager","tag-instalare-node-js-cu-apt","tag-instalare-node-js-cu-nvm","tag-instalare-node-js-cu-ppa","tag-instalare-node-js-din-consola","tag-instalare-node-js-lts","tag-instalare-node-js-si-npm","tag-instalare-node-js-ubuntu-24-04","tag-instalare-nodesource-ppa","tag-javascript-pe-server","tag-mediu-dezvoltare-node-js","tag-node-js-pe-linux","tag-node-js-pe-vps","tag-node-js-pentru-incepatori","tag-performanta-node-js","tag-schimbare-versiune-node-js","tag-server-node-js-securizat","tag-server-virtual-enginyring","tag-server-side-javascript","tag-tutorial-dezvoltare-web","tag-tutorial-node-js-ubuntu-24-04","tag-ubuntu-noble-numbat","tag-ultimul-node-js-pe-ubuntu","tag-unelte-dezvoltator-ubuntu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.serverspan.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1467","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.serverspan.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.serverspan.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.serverspan.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.serverspan.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1467"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.serverspan.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1467\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1468,"href":"https:\/\/www.serverspan.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1467\/revisions\/1468"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.serverspan.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1465"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.serverspan.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1467"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.serverspan.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1467"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.serverspan.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1467"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}